Develop and validate a commercially available flight-qualified 874-GHz receiver to enable future cloud ice remote sensing from space Technologies include submillimeter wave 874-GHz receiver (subharmonic mixer, frequency doubler and tripler, V-band multiplied-amplified local oscillator); intermediate frequency (IF) calibration (noise injection and LO power modulation and monitoring). Performance goals are noise temperature < 6000 K with 2-K calibration error over operating temperature range. Retire risk of ice-cloud radiometers in missions like the Decadal Survey's Aerosol, Cloud and Ecosystem (ACE) mission
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