Integrated Launch Vehicle - Load Responsive MLI: High Performance during Launch Ascent, In-Air, On-Orbit and On-Mars

NASA has a high priority need for a lightweight, multifunctional cryogenic insulation system (including attachment methods) that can survive exposure to the free stream during the launch/ascent environment in addition to high performance less than 0.5 W/m2 on orbit or <5 W/m2 on Mars surface (with a warm boundary of 220 K). Improved cryogenic insulation for launch vehicles, that can withstand direct exposure to the free stream during launch ascent, and can provide higher thermal performance to reduce boiloff losses of cryogenic propellants, is both an immediate need for current launch vehicles (e.g., Atlas and Delta) as well as a future need for new launch vehicles (Space Launch System) and cryogen storage for In Situ Resource Utilization derived cryogens produced on Mars. The novel Launch Vehicle – Load Responsive MLI (LV-LRMLI) insulation system proposed here might offer durability to the free stream, SOFI replacement, high thermal performance in-air prelaunch, high performance in-Mars atmosphere, and very high thermal performance in-space/on-orbit. LV-LRMLI could help meet cryogenic fluid management goals, reducing propellant boiloff and enhancing the capabilities of current space transportation systems as well as future systems (LH2 storage for SLS for chemical propulsion for future Nuclear Thermal Propulsion vehicles), and insulation for future ISRU derived fuel storage.

Ball Aerospace & Quest are discussing with Boeing & ULA application of advanced insulation on their launch vehicles, including using Cellular Load Responsive MLI or Vacuum Cellular MLI for SLS. ULA is interested in development of LVMLI for use on the Delta cryogenic second stage, a reduction in LH2 boil off in half is needed for certain missions. LVMLI needs technology maturation before implementation and integration into ULA platforms. Boeing, Ball and Quest are discussing using Load Responsive MLI to insulate Boeing's Phantom Eye LH2 fueled vehicle, and to insulate LNG fuel tanks for aircraft. LV-LRMLI could significantly improve upper stage insulation, reducing cryopropellant boiloff losses and increasing payload capacity for commercial missions with long coast times. A high performance insulation to replace SOFI would be of interest to Prime contractors, enabling improved performance for Atlas Centaur, Delta and SLS cryogenic upper stages. Advanced insulation technology for space cryogenic applications has relevance to terrestrial commercial/industrial applications. Reducing thermal conductivity and heat leak could have significant impact on commercial and home appliances, dramatically reducing energy use for high energy efficiency. One early focus market is refrigerator-freezers, where Quest Superinsulation could provide novel design concepts such as thin walls allowing a fresh design and look; increased interior space; and much lower energy usage. More »