Build and flight-qualify a radiometer using Vertically Aligned Carbon Nanotubes (VACNTs) as the absorbing material and fixedpoint gallium blackbody calibration transfer standard. Demonstrate the instrument's effectiveness for measuring the Total Outgoing Radiation (TOR) as a precursor to a CubeSat constellation Earth radiation imbalance measurement system. Verify that VACNT's electrostatic properties do not interfere with spacecraft or instrument electronics. Prototype a representative instrument for a constellation measurement systems concept
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