{"project":{"acronym":"","projectId":91270,"title":"Drag Reduction and Flight Control Using Off-Body Energy Deposition, Year 1","primaryTaxonomyNodes":[{"taxonomyNodeId":10947,"taxonomyRootId":8816,"parentNodeId":10946,"level":3,"code":"TX15.1.1","title":"Aerodynamics","definition":"Aerodynamics uses computational analysis, ground test, and flight to predict vehicle and component atmospheric flight performance and flow qualities (e.g. six-component aerodynamic forces and moments, detailed pressure distributions, qualitative and quantitative off-body flow characteristics).","exampleTechnologies":"Flow characterization through analysis and testing, with prediction and characterization of unsteady separated flow being a primary technology challenge; target vehicles include aircraft, launch vehicles, entry, descent, and landing (EDL) systems, abort systems, parachutes, and inflatable decelerators across all speed regimes from subsonic to hypersonic; characterization of subsonic, transonic, supersonic, and hypersonic flows, junction flows, landing gear, high lift systems, and innovative control effectors; new technologies to predict and analyze the underlying unsteady flow characteristics driving buffet and aeroacoustics for aircraft, launch vehicles and spacecraft; advanced aerodynamic predictive capability required to enable efficient atmospheric flight vehicle designs","hasChildren":false,"hasInteriorContent":true}],"startTrl":1,"currentTrl":3,"endTrl":3,"benefits":"Interest in high speed drag reduction and control by energy deposition exists across government agencies and DoD awaiting proof-of-concept and system energy assessment. Successful demonstration will justify/promote follow-on NASA programmatic funding and collaboration with other related government efforts (e.g., AFRL)","description":"What are the key technical challenges? Implementation of non-equilibrium thermochemistry; Accurate energy balance; Dynamic impulse measurements at Mach 2) What is your approach/research plan? Combined CFD/Experimental investigation; Bench laser deposition data (incident, transmitted power, blast wave expansion rate); Impulse for single energy pulses using model spring-mass system dynamic response. What are the innovative aspects (how is this different than what others are doing in industry, academia government)? Non-equilibrium thermochemistry rather than ideal gas; Full energy accounting for laser energy deposition; Wind tunnel model impulse drag measurements rather than steady state (reduces laser/experimental costs/ and risks)","startYear":2015,"startMonth":10,"endYear":2016,"endMonth":9,"statusDescription":"Completed","principalInvestigators":[{"contactId":446098,"canUserEdit":false,"firstName":"Stephen","lastName":"Wilkinson","fullName":"Stephen P Wilkinson","fullNameInverted":"Wilkinson, Stephen P","middleInitial":"P","primaryEmail":"stephen.p.wilkinson@nasa.gov","publicEmail":true,"nacontact":false}],"programDirectors":[{"contactId":335305,"canUserEdit":false,"firstName":"Michael","lastName":"Lapointe","fullName":"Michael R Lapointe","fullNameInverted":"Lapointe, Michael R","middleInitial":"R","primaryEmail":"michael.r.lapointe@nasa.gov","publicEmail":true,"nacontact":false}],"programExecutives":[{"contactId":392233,"canUserEdit":false,"firstName":"Richard","lastName":"Howard","fullName":"Richard W Howard","fullNameInverted":"Howard, Richard W","middleInitial":"W","primaryEmail":"richard.w.howard@nasa.gov","publicEmail":true,"nacontact":false}],"programManagers":[{"contactId":506560,"canUserEdit":false,"firstName":"Julie","lastName":"Williams-Byrd","fullName":"Julie A Williams-byrd","fullNameInverted":"Williams-Byrd, Julie A","middleInitial":"A","primaryEmail":"julie.a.williams-byrd@nasa.gov","publicEmail":true,"nacontact":false}],"website":"https://www.nasa.gov/directorates/spacetech/innovation_fund/index.html#.VQb6gUjJzyE","libraryItems":[],"transitions":[{"transitionId":53257,"projectId":91270,"partner":"Other","transitionDate":"2016-10-01","path":"Advanced To","relatedProjectId":146091,"relatedProject":{"acronym":"","projectId":146091,"title":"Drag Reduction by Off-Body Energy Deposition, Year 2","startTrl":3,"currentTrl":4,"endTrl":4,"benefits":"When a pulsed laser rapidly deposits thermal energy upstream of a supersonic body, the resulting hot, low density core convects with the incoming flow and interacts with the bow shock reducing both wave drag and sonic boom. Prior work in this area, much of which is based on ideal gas and other analysis simplifications, suggests that high energy efficiency may be achieved (i.e., the power savings due to drag reduction may be significantly greater than the power required for the pulsed laser discharge). Progress towards advanced vehicle concepts, however, requires that the prior work be extended both computationally and experimentally to properly validate such energy efficiency claims.","description":"Prior work in pulsed laser energy deposition is being extended into two important areas: (1) predictive energy deposition modeling and its aerodynamic impact on shock wave structure and wave drag, and, (2) experimental validation using pulsed laser deposition bench-testing at relevant ambient pressures, and wind-tunnel blunt model impulse measurements. Energy deposition simulation is improved beyond the ideal gas, instantaneous deposition case by employing the Park-1 model thermochemistry involving five gaseous species and seventeen chemical reactions. Laser bench testing uses up to 1 joule focused laser energy pulses (frequency-doubled, Q-switched Nd:YAG laser) and is distinguished from prior work by careful attention to input and output beam energy sampling. Intensified-CCD, short-exposure, Schlieren images of the expanding blast wave provide expansion rate data. Net laser energy data and blast wave expansion rates allow comparison to direct Navier-Stokes CFD simulations. Bench testing activities and CFD deposition simulations have been successful and will be largely completed in year 1. Year 2 will focus on wind tunnel model tests including direct force impulse measurement and CFD simulations of shock structure, drag, and net efficiency. Impulse testing, instead of average drag, avoids the high costs and operational difficulties associated with high pulse-frequency lasers while retaining the essential fluid mechanical information required for net efficiency assessment.","destinations":[{"lkuCodeId":1543,"code":"EARTH","description":"Earth","lkuCodeTypeId":526,"lkuCodeType":{"codeType":"DESTINATION_TYPE","description":"Destination Type"}},{"lkuCodeId":1548,"code":"FOUNDATIONAL_KNOWLEDGE","description":"Foundational Knowledge","lkuCodeTypeId":526,"lkuCodeType":{"codeType":"DESTINATION_TYPE","description":"Destination Type"}}],"startYear":2016,"startMonth":10,"endYear":2017,"endMonth":7,"statusDescription":"Completed","website":"","program":{"acronym":"LaRC CIF","active":true,"description":"
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