{"project":{"acronym":"","projectId":32935,"title":"Upper-Atmospheric Space and Earth Weather Experiment Element, Year 1","startTrl":4,"currentTrl":6,"endTrl":6,"benefits":"
Aviation is trending toward flying at higher altitudes and over polar routes, where radiation events are more likely to occur and obtaining radiation data via traditional means is more difficult. Real-time, broad spectral-based radiation measurements are needed to improve radiation forecasts and space weather understanding. Provides access to critical data: Provides radiation data for the purposes of guarding against human dosing, radio blackouts, Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation errors, and single event effects (SEEs) for sensitive instrumentation Improves safety: Identifies radiation limits for humans and instrumentation Enables improved modeling: Facilitates radiation forecasts for human dosing and instrumentation SEEs.
","description":"The USEWX project is seeking to monitor, record, and distribute atmospheric measurements of the radiation environment by installing a variety of dosimeters and other instrumentation on Armstrong aircraft. The goal is to routinely provide real-time, in-flight radiation measurements to modelers and the space-weather community. Radiation present in the upper atmosphere is harmful to humans and sensitive electronic equipment. Current radiation forecasting techniques employ data from satellites and ground-based detectors to predict radiation levels in flight. Aviation is trending toward flying at higher altitudes and over polar routes, where radiation events are more likely to occur and obtaining radiation data via traditional means is more difficult. Real-time, broad spectral-based radiation measurements are needed to improve radiation forecasts and space weather understanding. Work to date: The USEWX team has cross-calibrated two gold-standard HAWK Tissue Equivalent Particle Counter (TEPC) dosimeters with the Airborne Radiation Measurements for Aviation Safety (ARMAS) Lite dosimeter in ground-based particle accelerators. The ARMAS Lite dosimeter was developed under the Small Business Innovation Research (SBIR) program and has been used to collect data on approximately 50 flights of an Armstrong DC-8 aircraft. Honeywell's Thermalized Neutron Measurement (TinMan) experiment has passed the System Safety Working Group (SSWG) review, will be tech briefed shortly, and should be flying before the end of the 2014. Construction of the ARMAS Lite Flight Module 3 and the TinMan have been completed, and both have been flown on NASA's ER-2 High-Altitude Airborne Science Aircraft. Looking ahead: The HAWK TEPC dosimeters will be undergoing tech brief in mid-2015 for integration in the ER-2. The ER-2 will then be ready for supporting the Radiation And Dosimetry eXperiment (RAD-X) where the ER-2 will under fly the Langley Research Center high altitude balloon out of Fort Sumner, NM in September 2015. This work will capture a wide range of altitudes detecting radiation and categorizing a significant slice of the atmospheric radiation environment, something never done before. The team will also be using the ARMAS-Lite Flight Module 5 as a self-contained, miniaturized, multiple power and data distribution (NASDAT and Iridium) unit capable of multiple platform dosimeter use. The ARMAS Lite FM 5 can be worn by pilots as well as flown as payload on high altitude balloons, the Armstrong Mars Prandtl-D (AMPD) glider, on any of AFRC's Airborne Sciences aircraft (DC-8, C-20, G-III, King- Air, ER-2), as well as on other AFRC aircraft (F-18, F-15) and on cubesats. AFRC is also collaborating with Ames Research Center's Education and Intern group doing preliminary work ground work for the ARMAS Lite FM 5 for USEWX. In August 2015, interns from AFRC, ARC, Teachers in Space, USEWX, along with the Questforstars.com CEO and high school students from Earth To Sky Calculus will launch inexpensive dosimeters along with weather instrumentation, GoPro Cameras, multiple location devices, and chemical sensors on a weather balloon. The team will do a mobile weather balloon launch at a site determined by forecasted balloon trajectory provided by weather models and intends to aim for the Edwards Dry Lakebeds to ease in the payload recovery process and prove successful recovery of the payloads. This is preliminary work will pave the way to move the ARMAS Lite FM 5 to the AMPD glider and cubesats. Once the technique is perfected, the team will move to launching the more expensive ARMAS Lite FM-5 on either/both the weather balloons and AMPD glider. Plans are also underway to: Install dosimeters on numerous Armstrong aircraft that fly in the upper atmosphere, including Gulfstream-III, F-18, and F-15 aircraft Integrate new dosimeters into radiosondes and rocketsondes Compare preflight space-weather forecast models with post-flight radiation data in order to refine and improve modeling Partners: Space Environment Technologies LLC, Honeywell, Prairie View A&M University, and the German Aerospace Center (DLR) NASA Partners: Ames Research Center, Langley Research Center, Goddard Space Flight Center, and Marshall Space Flight Center Benefits: Provides access to critical data: Provides radiation data for the purposes of guarding against human dosing, radio blackouts, Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation errors, and single event effects (SEEs) for sensitive instrumentation Improves safety: Identifies radiation limits for humans and instrumentation Enables improved modeling: Facilitates radiation forecasts for human dosing and instrumentation SEEs Applications: Radiation shielding materials for space exploration missions Real-time SEE monitoring Radiation dosing research for polar-routed aircraft","startYear":2013,"startMonth":11,"endYear":2014,"endMonth":10,"statusDescription":"Completed","principalInvestigators":[{"contactId":428175,"canUserEdit":false,"firstName":"Scott","lastName":"Wiley","fullName":"Scott L Wiley","fullNameInverted":"Wiley, Scott L","middleInitial":"L","primaryEmail":"scott.wiley-1@nasa.gov","publicEmail":true,"nacontact":false}],"programDirectors":[{"contactId":335305,"canUserEdit":false,"firstName":"Michael","lastName":"Lapointe","fullName":"Michael R Lapointe","fullNameInverted":"Lapointe, Michael R","middleInitial":"R","primaryEmail":"michael.r.lapointe@nasa.gov","publicEmail":true,"nacontact":false}],"programExecutives":[{"contactId":392233,"canUserEdit":false,"firstName":"Richard","lastName":"Howard","fullName":"Richard W Howard","fullNameInverted":"Howard, Richard W","middleInitial":"W","primaryEmail":"richard.w.howard@nasa.gov","publicEmail":true,"nacontact":false}],"programManagers":[{"contactId":112848,"canUserEdit":false,"firstName":"David","lastName":"Voracek","fullName":"David F Voracek","fullNameInverted":"Voracek, David F","middleInitial":"F","primaryEmail":"david.f.voracek@nasa.gov","publicEmail":true,"nacontact":false}],"website":"","libraryItems":[{"caption":"Upper-Atmospheric Space and Earth Weather Experiment (USEWX) has applications for high altitude and polar-routed flights","file":{"fileExtension":"jpg","fileId":266922,"fileName":"USEWX","fileSize":24078,"objectId":266670,"objectType":{"lkuCodeId":889,"code":"LIBRARY_ITEMS","description":"Library Items","lkuCodeTypeId":182,"lkuCodeType":{"codeType":"OBJECT_TYPE","description":"Object Type"}},"objectTypeId":889,"fileSizeString":"23.5 KB"},"files":[{"fileExtension":"jpg","fileId":266922,"fileName":"USEWX","fileSize":24078,"objectId":266670,"objectType":{"lkuCodeId":889,"code":"LIBRARY_ITEMS","description":"Library Items","lkuCodeTypeId":182,"lkuCodeType":{"codeType":"OBJECT_TYPE","description":"Object Type"}},"objectTypeId":889,"fileSizeString":"23.5 KB"}],"id":266670,"title":"Upper-Atmospheric Space and Earth Weather Experiment (USEWX) has applications for high altitude and polar-routed flights","description":"Upper-Atmospheric Space and Earth Weather Experiment (USEWX) has applications for high altitude and polar-routed flights","libraryItemTypeId":1095,"projectId":32935,"primary":true,"publishedDateString":"","contentType":{"lkuCodeId":1095,"code":"IMAGE","description":"Image","lkuCodeTypeId":341,"lkuCodeType":{"codeType":"LIBRARY_ITEM_TYPE","description":"Library Item Type"}}}],"transitions":[{"transitionId":53689,"projectId":32935,"partner":"Other","transitionDate":"2014-11-01","path":"Advanced To","relatedProjectId":145948,"relatedProject":{"acronym":"","projectId":145948,"title":"Upper-Atmospheric Space and Earth Weather Experiment Element, Year 2","startTrl":4,"currentTrl":5,"endTrl":5,"benefits":"Aviation is trending toward flying at higher altitudes and over polar routes, where radiation events are more likely to occur and obtaining radiation data via traditional means is more difficult. Real-time, broad spectral-based radiation measurements are needed to improve radiation forecasts and space weather understanding. Provides access to critical data: Provides radiation data for the purposes of guarding against human dosing, radio blackouts, Global Positioning System (GPS) navigation errors, and single event effects (SEEs) for sensitive instrumentation Improves safety: Identifies radiation limits for humans and instrumentation Enables improved modeling: Facilitates radiation forecasts for human dosing and instrumentation SEEs.
","description":"The USEWx project is seeking to monitor, record, and distribute atmospheric measurements of the radiation environment by installing a variety of dosimeters and other instrumentation on Armstrong aircraft. The goal is to routinely provide real-time, in-flight radiation measurements to modelers and the space-weather community. Radiation present in the upper atmosphere is harmful to humans and sensitive electronic equipment. Current radiation forecasting techniques employ data from satellites and ground-based detectors to predict radiation levels in flight. Aviation is trending toward flying at higher altitudes and over polar routes, where radiation events are more likely to occur and obtaining radiation data via traditional means is more difficult. Real-time, broad spectral-based radiation measurements are needed to improve radiation forecasts and space weather understanding.
","destinations":[{"lkuCodeId":1544,"code":"MOON_AND_CISLUNAR","description":"Moon and Cislunar","lkuCodeTypeId":526,"lkuCodeType":{"codeType":"DESTINATION_TYPE","description":"Destination Type"}},{"lkuCodeId":1518,"code":"MARS","description":"Mars","lkuCodeTypeId":526,"lkuCodeType":{"codeType":"DESTINATION_TYPE","description":"Destination Type"}},{"lkuCodeId":1546,"code":"INSIDE_SOLAR_SYSTEM","description":"Others Inside the Solar System","lkuCodeTypeId":526,"lkuCodeType":{"codeType":"DESTINATION_TYPE","description":"Destination Type"}}],"startYear":2014,"startMonth":11,"endYear":2015,"endMonth":10,"statusDescription":"Completed","website":"","program":{"acronym":"AFRC CIF","active":true,"description":"The Armstrong Flight Research Center is NASA’s primary center for atmospheric flight research and operations, with a vision “to fly what others only imagine.” We believe that flight validation and research is one of the crucial phases within the advancement of any NASA technology, and it is often the barrier to technology utilization by the private sector. We also believe that aerospace technology can be enhanced through flight early in the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) lifecycle. In fact, some research can be done only in flight. The CIF projects are examples of aerospace technologies that are theoretically advantageous but have had little TRL advancement or are at too early of a technology level for support through a NASA mission.
The focus for the program is on validating, developing, and testing new and innovative technologies.
The current technology areas for the projects included:
AFRC is currently looking into following Technical Capability areas (not in any priority order and not all inclusive):
1. Small launch Space Systems
Develop small launch space systems such as horizontal rockets that could launch to orbit small free-flying space platforms (e.g., cuestas, nanosats, picosats).
2. Altitude Compensating Rocket Systems
Design, build, and test altitude compensating rocket systems or sub-systems designed to operate the rocket efficiently across a wide range of altitudes. Subsystems such as Altitude Compensating Nozzles are being considered.
3. Aero Gravity Assist Systems
Design, build, and test an Aerogravity assist system which uses a close approach to the planet, dipping into the atmosphere, so the spacecraft can also use aerodynamic lift to further curve the trajectory.
4. Launch Vehicle and Spacecraft Adaptive Controls
Develop and test adaptive controls architectures specifically tailored for application to launch vehicles. Adaptive Controls for launch vehicles would include unique features of the aerospace vehicle, such as control-structure interaction, propellant slosh, sensor performance, and actuator dynamics. In addition, the analysis, verification, and flight certification framework for the control system must be addressed.
5. Autonomous Systems
AFRC is exploring concepts for advanced autonomous systems and collaborative autonomous operations that could be applied across aerospace vehicles to enhance effectiveness, survivability, and affordability.
6. Autonomy in a Safety Critical Framework
Armstrong Flight Research Center is interested in the flight demonstration of high level autonomy in a safety critical framework with applicability to man-rated air and space vehicles. This high level of autonomy is enabled through the use of multiple sensor platforms and algorithms with high computational demands. Increased computational capability through embedded high performance computing and implementation of resource efficient algorithms is needed to support this integration. Research into embedded high performance computing using multi-core processors, FPGA, GPU, DSP and associated development of toolchains and algorithms targeted to these platforms is needed in order to reduce the Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) of the flight vehicles..
7. Space Weather Systems
Design, develop, and test measurement systems to provide the capability for on-demand, validated, and archived radiation measurements related to human tissue and avionics silicon upset concerns.
8. Electromagnetically Boosted Rockets
One possible solution is to use an electromagnetic linear motor boost system to supplement the use of first stage booster rockets and rocket clusters. China Lake is currently advocating to NAVAIR to initiate a study of long term capital costs and recurring system operational costs of the use of an electromagnetic linear motor booster system for their rocket sled tracks as compared to the long term operational system costs of moving to a newer line of booster rocket production.
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The focus for the program is on validating, developing, and testing new and innovative technologies.
The current technology areas for the projects included:
AFRC is currently looking into following Technical Capability areas (not in any priority order and not all inclusive):
1. Small launch Space Systems
Develop small launch space systems such as horizontal rockets that could launch to orbit small free-flying space platforms (e.g., cuestas, nanosats, picosats).
2. Altitude Compensating Rocket Systems
Design, build, and test altitude compensating rocket systems or sub-systems designed to operate the rocket efficiently across a wide range of altitudes. Subsystems such as Altitude Compensating Nozzles are being considered.
3. Aero Gravity Assist Systems
Design, build, and test an Aerogravity assist system which uses a close approach to the planet, dipping into the atmosphere, so the spacecraft can also use aerodynamic lift to further curve the trajectory.
4. Launch Vehicle and Spacecraft Adaptive Controls
Develop and test adaptive controls architectures specifically tailored for application to launch vehicles. Adaptive Controls for launch vehicles would include unique features of the aerospace vehicle, such as control-structure interaction, propellant slosh, sensor performance, and actuator dynamics. In addition, the analysis, verification, and flight certification framework for the control system must be addressed.
5. Autonomous Systems
AFRC is exploring concepts for advanced autonomous systems and collaborative autonomous operations that could be applied across aerospace vehicles to enhance effectiveness, survivability, and affordability.
6. Autonomy in a Safety Critical Framework
Armstrong Flight Research Center is interested in the flight demonstration of high level autonomy in a safety critical framework with applicability to man-rated air and space vehicles. This high level of autonomy is enabled through the use of multiple sensor platforms and algorithms with high computational demands. Increased computational capability through embedded high performance computing and implementation of resource efficient algorithms is needed to support this integration. Research into embedded high performance computing using multi-core processors, FPGA, GPU, DSP and associated development of toolchains and algorithms targeted to these platforms is needed in order to reduce the Size, Weight, and Power (SWaP) of the flight vehicles..
7. Space Weather Systems
Design, develop, and test measurement systems to provide the capability for on-demand, validated, and archived radiation measurements related to human tissue and avionics silicon upset concerns.
8. Electromagnetically Boosted Rockets
One possible solution is to use an electromagnetic linear motor boost system to supplement the use of first stage booster rockets and rocket clusters. China Lake is currently advocating to NAVAIR to initiate a study of long term capital costs and recurring system operational costs of the use of an electromagnetic linear motor booster system for their rocket sled tracks as compared to the long term operational system costs of moving to a newer line of booster rocket production.
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