Strategically, the HRP conducts research and technology development that: 1) enables the development or modification of Agency-level human health and performance standards by the Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer (OCHMO) and 2) provides Human Exploration Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD) with methods of meeting those standards in the design, development, and operation of mission systems.
HRP research focuses on reducing crew health and performance risks for exploration missions. In addition, HRP research gathers the data necessary to understand and mitigate the long-term health risks to the crew, to allow the update of specific crew health standards for each mission scenario, to support crew selection, and to address any rehabilitation requirements. The OCHMO owns and sets the standards upon which the HRP research efforts are based. The Transition to Medical Practice process defined by the OCHMO is used to review the HRP deliverable countermeasures and technologies prior to their operational use.
HRP technology development advances medical care and countermeasure systems for exploration and vehicle development programs’ missions. The HRP also develops and matures operational concepts to inform requirements for the design and operation of space vehicles and habitats needed for exploration. This includes requirements for displays and controls, internal environments, operations planning, habitability, and methodologies for maintaining crew physical and mental health as well as physical and cognitive capabilities.
The HRP is managed at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) and comprised of six research and technology development projects. These projects provide the program knowledge and capabilities to conduct research addressing the human health and performance risks as well as advancing the readiness levels of technology and countermeasures to the point of transfer to the customer programs and organizations. The six projects within the HRP are referred to as Program Elements throughout this document. Each Element is managed at the JSC with research and technology development expertise provided by JSC, Ames Research Center (ARC), Glenn Research Center (GRC), the Langley Research Center (LaRC), and the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), as well as other Agencies, institutions and organizations identified in the following Element descriptions. The six Elements are:
1) Space Radiation (SR) Element – The SR Element performs investigations to develop the scientific basis to accurately predict and mitigate health risks from the space radiation environment. This knowledge yields recommendations to permissible exposure limits, assessment/projection tools/models of crew risk from radiation exposure, and models/tools to assess vehicle design for radiation protection. The SR Element conducts research using accelerator-based simulation of space radiation. The SR Element explores and develops countermeasures to the deleterious effects of radiation on human health. The LaRC and ARC contribute to the SR Element.
2) Behavioral Health and Performance (BHP) Element – The BHP Element identifies and characterizes the behavioral and performance risks associated with training, living and working in space, and returning to Earth. The BHP Element develops strategies, tools, and technologies to mitigate these risks.
3) Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) Element – The ExMC Element is responsible for defining requirements for crew health maintenance during exploration missions, developing treatment scenarios, extrapolating from the scenarios to health management modalities, and evaluating the feasibility of those modalities for use during exploration missions. The ExMC Element is also responsible for the technology and informatics development that will enable the availability of medical care and decision systems for exploration missions. GRC, LaRC and ARC contribute technology development and clinical care expertise to the ExMC Element.
4) Space Human Factors and Habitability (SHFH) Element – The SHFH Element is focused on the human system in space environments: how do humans interface with spacecraft systems, and what environmental and habitation factors are essential to maintain crew health and performance? The SHFH Element has three main focus areas: space human factors engineering, advanced environmental health, and advanced food technology. The ARC contributes to the SHFH Element.
5) Human Health Countermeasures (HHC) Element – The HHC Element is responsible for understanding the physiological effects of spaceflight and developing countermeasure strategies and procedures. The Element provides the biomedical expertise for the development and assessment of medical standards and vehicle and spacesuit requirements dictated by human physiological needs. In addition, the HHC Element develops a validated and integrated suite of countermeasures for exploration missions to ensure the maintenance of crew health during all mission phases. The ARC and GRC contribute to the HHC Element as well as international agencies cooperating on joint flight proposals, reduced gravity studies, and collaborative bed rest studies.
6) International Space Station Medical Projects (ISSMP) Element – The ISSMP Element is responsible for managing all ISS and ground analog human research activities, including those integrated with operational medical support of the crews, and to ensure research tasks are completed. The ISSMP is responsible for all planning, integration, and implementation services for HRP research tasks and evaluation activities requiring access to space or related flight resources on the ISS, Soyuz, Progress, Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV), commercial vehicles and ground-based spaceflight analogs. This includes support to related pre- and postflight activities. The ARC contributes to the ISSMP with technical support to experiment management, hardware development, and international partner integration. KSC provides support for baseline data collection requirements development for future crew vehicles.
The work performed within the six Elements is supported by numerous collaborative efforts with academia and international agencies. Relationships with the ISS Program, the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI), the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), and the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) are critical to the HRP successfully meeting its objectives. The HRP also maintains collaborative relationships with the International Partners through various working groups. These relationships enhance the research capabilities and provide synergy between the research and technology efforts of different countries.
","programId":273,"responsibleMd":{"organizationId":9526,"organizationName":"Space Operations Mission Directorate","acronym":"SOMD","organizationType":"NASA_Mission_Directorate","canUserEdit":false,"locationEdit":false,"organizationRolePretty":"","organizationTypePretty":"NASA Mission Directorate"},"responsibleMdOffice":9526,"stockImageFileId":28253,"title":"Human Research Program","acronymOrTitle":"HRP"},"description":"The following tasks were identified in the proposal: 1)\tYear 1 (January 1, 2003-December 31, 2003): a.\tSelect varieties of tomatoes and other vegetables suitable for processing; b.\tDevelop conceptual design for the Multipurpose Fruit and Vegetable Processor (MFVP); c.\tDevelop computer-aided simulations of each operation to assist in design; d.\tBuild bench-scale components of the MFVP and conduct preliminary trials for technical feasibility; e.\tSelect optimum design parameters; f.\tSelect membranes for water cleaning and product recovery. 2)\tYear 2 (January 1, 2004 – December 31, 2004) a.\tConstruct MFVP from components; b.\tSelect membrane systems for concentration of tomato juice; c.\tConduct trials with MFVP to determine operational feasibility; d.\tDetermine equivalent system mass (ESM) and other operational variables; e. \tConduct optimization trials. 3)\tYear 3 (January 1, 2005 – December 31, 2005) a.\tConduct experimental trials to determine safety, quality, and acceptability of foods processed in MFVP; b.\tDevelop final modifications as indicated from the experimental data; c. \tWrite final project report. To develop a miniaturized fruit and vegetable processor and to evaluate and optimize its performance for Advanced Life Support (ALS). The development of the fruit and vegetable processor represents the first attempt to miniaturize and integrate the array of unit operations required for preparation and processing of fruits and vegetables such as tomato. Additionally, the developers integrate the ESM metric evaluation throughout the development process as the primary project management tool.","benefits":"The research data on concentrating tomato juice using new generation membranes is valuable for the food industry. Only one Japanese company is currently employing this technique in a food plant located in California. 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(AANAPISI)"]},"setAsideData":[],"projectId":23598,"projectOrganizationId":30991,"organizationRole":"Supporting_Organization","canUserEdit":false,"locationEdit":false,"organizationRolePretty":"Supporting Organization","organizationTypePretty":"Academia"}],"primaryTx":{"taxonomyNodeId":11173,"taxonomyRootId":8817,"parentNodeId":11168,"code":"TX06.3.5","title":"Food Production, Processing, and Preservation","description":"Food production, processing, and preservation technologies include both space and Earth technologies that safely produce and handle food to reduce up-mass and retain maximum nutritional value.","exampleTechnologies":"Bioregenerative food system, vegetable production system, packaged food mass reduction, vegetable cleaning and safety verification, stabilized foods, low oxygen permeability barrier films, plants habitat","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"selected":false,"isPrimary":true,"hasInteriorContent":true},"primaryTxTree":[[{"taxonomyNodeId":11157,"taxonomyRootId":8817,"code":"TX06","title":"Human Health, Life Support, and Habitation Systems","level":1,"hasChildren":true,"selected":false,"hasInteriorContent":true},{"taxonomyNodeId":11168,"taxonomyRootId":8817,"parentNodeId":11157,"code":"TX06.3","title":"Human Health and Performance","description":"Human health and performance technologies and solutions support optimal and sustained performance throughout the duration of a mission and promote the health of the crew before, during, and after a mission.","level":2,"hasChildren":true,"selected":false,"hasInteriorContent":true},{"taxonomyNodeId":11173,"taxonomyRootId":8817,"parentNodeId":11168,"code":"TX06.3.5","title":"Food Production, Processing, and Preservation","description":"Food production, processing, and preservation technologies include both space and Earth technologies that safely 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(OCHMO) and 2) provides Human Exploration Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD) with methods of meeting those standards in the design, development, and operation of mission systems.
HRP research focuses on reducing crew health and performance risks for exploration missions. In addition, HRP research gathers the data necessary to understand and mitigate the long-term health risks to the crew, to allow the update of specific crew health standards for each mission scenario, to support crew selection, and to address any rehabilitation requirements. The OCHMO owns and sets the standards upon which the HRP research efforts are based. The Transition to Medical Practice process defined by the OCHMO is used to review the HRP deliverable countermeasures and technologies prior to their operational use.
HRP technology development advances medical care and countermeasure systems for exploration and vehicle development programs’ missions. The HRP also develops and matures operational concepts to inform requirements for the design and operation of space vehicles and habitats needed for exploration. This includes requirements for displays and controls, internal environments, operations planning, habitability, and methodologies for maintaining crew physical and mental health as well as physical and cognitive capabilities.
The HRP is managed at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) and comprised of six research and technology development projects. These projects provide the program knowledge and capabilities to conduct research addressing the human health and performance risks as well as advancing the readiness levels of technology and countermeasures to the point of transfer to the customer programs and organizations. The six projects within the HRP are referred to as Program Elements throughout this document. Each Element is managed at the JSC with research and technology development expertise provided by JSC, Ames Research Center (ARC), Glenn Research Center (GRC), the Langley Research Center (LaRC), and the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), as well as other Agencies, institutions and organizations identified in the following Element descriptions. The six Elements are:
1) Space Radiation (SR) Element – The SR Element performs investigations to develop the scientific basis to accurately predict and mitigate health risks from the space radiation environment. This knowledge yields recommendations to permissible exposure limits, assessment/projection tools/models of crew risk from radiation exposure, and models/tools to assess vehicle design for radiation protection. The SR Element conducts research using accelerator-based simulation of space radiation. The SR Element explores and develops countermeasures to the deleterious effects of radiation on human health. The LaRC and ARC contribute to the SR Element.
2) Behavioral Health and Performance (BHP) Element – The BHP Element identifies and characterizes the behavioral and performance risks associated with training, living and working in space, and returning to Earth. The BHP Element develops strategies, tools, and technologies to mitigate these risks.
3) Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) Element – The ExMC Element is responsible for defining requirements for crew health maintenance during exploration missions, developing treatment scenarios, extrapolating from the scenarios to health management modalities, and evaluating the feasibility of those modalities for use during exploration missions. The ExMC Element is also responsible for the technology and informatics development that will enable the availability of medical care and decision systems for exploration missions. GRC, LaRC and ARC contribute technology development and clinical care expertise to the ExMC Element.
4) Space Human Factors and Habitability (SHFH) Element – The SHFH Element is focused on the human system in space environments: how do humans interface with spacecraft systems, and what environmental and habitation factors are essential to maintain crew health and performance? The SHFH Element has three main focus areas: space human factors engineering, advanced environmental health, and advanced food technology. The ARC contributes to the SHFH Element.
5) Human Health Countermeasures (HHC) Element – The HHC Element is responsible for understanding the physiological effects of spaceflight and developing countermeasure strategies and procedures. The Element provides the biomedical expertise for the development and assessment of medical standards and vehicle and spacesuit requirements dictated by human physiological needs. In addition, the HHC Element develops a validated and integrated suite of countermeasures for exploration missions to ensure the maintenance of crew health during all mission phases. The ARC and GRC contribute to the HHC Element as well as international agencies cooperating on joint flight proposals, reduced gravity studies, and collaborative bed rest studies.
6) International Space Station Medical Projects (ISSMP) Element – The ISSMP Element is responsible for managing all ISS and ground analog human research activities, including those integrated with operational medical support of the crews, and to ensure research tasks are completed. The ISSMP is responsible for all planning, integration, and implementation services for HRP research tasks and evaluation activities requiring access to space or related flight resources on the ISS, Soyuz, Progress, Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV), commercial vehicles and ground-based spaceflight analogs. This includes support to related pre- and postflight activities. The ARC contributes to the ISSMP with technical support to experiment management, hardware development, and international partner integration. KSC provides support for baseline data collection requirements development for future crew vehicles.
The work performed within the six Elements is supported by numerous collaborative efforts with academia and international agencies. Relationships with the ISS Program, the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI), the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), and the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) are critical to the HRP successfully meeting its objectives. The HRP also maintains collaborative relationships with the International Partners through various working groups. These relationships enhance the research capabilities and provide synergy between the research and technology efforts of different countries.
","programId":273,"responsibleMd":{"organizationId":9526,"organizationName":"Space Operations Mission Directorate","acronym":"SOMD","organizationType":"NASA_Mission_Directorate","canUserEdit":false,"locationEdit":false,"organizationRolePretty":"","organizationTypePretty":"NASA Mission Directorate"},"responsibleMdOffice":9526,"stockImageFileId":28253,"title":"Human Research Program","acronymOrTitle":"HRP"},"description":"The following tasks were identified in the proposal: 1)\tYear 1 (January 1, 2003-December 31, 2003): a.\tSelect varieties of tomatoes and other vegetables suitable for processing; b.\tDevelop conceptual design for the Multipurpose Fruit and Vegetable Processor (MFVP); c.\tDevelop computer-aided simulations of each operation to assist in design; d.\tBuild bench-scale components of the MFVP and conduct preliminary trials for technical feasibility; e.\tSelect optimum design parameters; f.\tSelect membranes for water cleaning and product recovery. 2)\tYear 2 (January 1, 2004 – December 31, 2004) a.\tConstruct MFVP from components; b.\tSelect membrane systems for concentration of tomato juice; c.\tConduct trials with MFVP to determine operational feasibility; d.\tDetermine equivalent system mass (ESM) and other operational variables; e. \tConduct optimization trials. 3)\tYear 3 (January 1, 2005 – December 31, 2005) a.\tConduct experimental trials to determine safety, quality, and acceptability of foods processed in MFVP; b.\tDevelop final modifications as indicated from the experimental data; c. \tWrite final project report. To develop a miniaturized fruit and vegetable processor and to evaluate and optimize its performance for Advanced Life Support (ALS). The development of the fruit and vegetable processor represents the first attempt to miniaturize and integrate the array of unit operations required for preparation and processing of fruits and vegetables such as tomato. Additionally, the developers integrate the ESM metric evaluation throughout the development process as the primary project management tool.","benefits":"The research data on concentrating tomato juice using new generation membranes is valuable for the food industry. Only one Japanese company is currently employing this technique in a food plant located in California. Our data should prove useful for those food processors who are seeking optimization of the process.","releaseStatus":"Released","status":"Completed","destinationType":["Moon_and_Cislunar","Mars"],"trlBegin":4,"trlCurrent":6,"trlEnd":6,"favorited":false,"detailedFunding":false,"programContacts":[{"contactId":103847,"canUserEdit":false,"firstName":"David","lastName":"Baumann","fullName":"David K Baumann","fullNameInverted":"Baumann, David K","middleInitial":"K","email":"david.k.baumann@nasa.gov","receiveEmail":"Subscribed_User","programContactRole":"Program_Director","programContactId":181,"programId":273,"programContactRolePretty":"Program Director","projectContactRolePretty":""}],"endDateString":"Jan 2007","startDateString":"Jan 2003"},"technologyOutcomePartner":"Other","technologyOutcomeDate":"2007-01-01","infusion":"Other","technologyOutcomePath":"Closed_Out","technologyOutcomeRationale":"Other","details":"During the one-year no-cost extension, we completed the fabrication of the multipurpose fruit and vegetable food processor (MFVP) and the remaining trials with its components. In addition, we conducted a comprehensive study to obtain data on using electrolyzed water for cleaning-in-place (CIP) of the MFVP. CIP with electrolyzed water is an attractive option for cleaning as it does not require detergents (caustic solution) or disinfectants (chlorine). Therefore it could be more suitable for application in a controlled environment system. Electrolyzed water is generated from salt mixed in water. We conducted trials with a stainless steel test-bed containing various components used in the MFVP. The cleaning and disinfection of the components after inoculation was validated with microbial testing. Specifically, the effectiveness of electrolyzed oxidizing water (EOW) and electrolyzed reducing water (ERW) used in clean-in-place (CIP) applications for MFVP were studied using 38 mm (1.5 in) diameter stainless steel (SS316L) pipes fouled with apple juice. Data were compared with industrial CIP cleaner (chlorinated NaOH) and antimicrobial solution (mixture of peroxyacetic acid and hydrogen peroxide). Cleanliness of stainless steel (SS) pipe surfaces was quantified by a hygiene monitoring test and aerobic plate count. Data were obtained to determine the removal of organic debris and microorganisms at 5, 10, 15, and 20 min washing using electrolyzed water and industrial cleaning chemicals. Electrolyzed water showed potential use in CIP applications--it is easy to use and less hazardous compared to the industrial cleaning chemicals. Microbiological evaluation showed 5 min cleaning with EOW followed by 5 min cleaning with ERW was sufficient to drop cell levels from 5.2±0.3 log CFU (colony forming units)/stainless steel chip to below the limit of detection (<0.69 log CFU/cm2). In contrast, in case of bioluminescence tests, there were detectable adenosine triphosphate (ATP) even after 15 min of cleaning, even though the system was microbiologically at below detection. Furthermore, bioluminescence tests revealed that industrial cleaning chemicals were faster in cleaning compared to electrolyzed water. Electrolyzed water needs to be circulated more than 20 min at 0.6 m/s (2 ft/s) flow velocity to achieve acceptable cleaning, whereas industrial cleaning takes only 5 min of circulation for acceptable cleaning based on the bioluminescence readings.","infoText":"Closed out","infoTextExtra":"Project closed out","isIndirect":false,"infusionPretty":"Other","isBiDirectional":false,"technologyOutcomeDateString":"Jan 2007","technologyOutcomeDateFullString":"January 2007","technologyOutcomePartnerPretty":"Other","technologyOutcomePathPretty":"Closed Out","technologyOutcomeRationalePretty":"Other"}],"libraryItems":[{"files":[],"libraryItemId":25036,"title":"Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals","description":"Voit DC, Santos MR, and Singh RP. \"Development of a multipurpose fruit and vegetable processor for a manned mission to Mars.\" Journal of Food Engineering, in press, July 2006., Jul-2006","libraryItemType":"Story","projectId":23598,"isPrimary":false,"internalOnly":false,"publishedDateString":"","entryDateString":"01/22/25 01:10 AM","libraryItemTypePretty":"Story","modifiedDateString":"09/16/17 09:30 PM"},{"files":[],"libraryItemId":8935,"title":"Articles in Peer-reviewed Journals","description":"Voit DC, Santos, MR, Singh RP. \"Development of a multipurpose fruit and vegetable processor for a manned mission to Mars.\" Journal of Food Engineering. 2006 Nov;77(2):230-8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2005.06.035, Nov-2006","libraryItemType":"Story","projectId":23598,"isPrimary":false,"internalOnly":false,"publishedDateString":"","entryDateString":"01/22/25 01:10 AM","libraryItemTypePretty":"Story","modifiedDateString":"09/16/17 09:30 PM"},{"files":[],"libraryItemId":314266,"title":"Project Website","libraryItemType":"Link","url":"https://taskbook.nasaprs.com","projectId":23598,"internalOnly":false,"publishedDateString":"","entryDateString":"01/22/25 01:10 AM","libraryItemTypePretty":"Link","modifiedDateString":"10/25/24 02:23 PM"}],"states":[{"abbreviation":"CA","country":{"abbreviation":"US","countryId":236,"name":"United States"},"countryId":236,"name":"California","stateTerritoryId":59,"isTerritory":false}],"endDateString":"Jan 2007","startDateString":"Jan 2003"}}