Strategically, the HRP conducts research and technology development that: 1) enables the development or modification of Agency-level human health and performance standards by the Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer (OCHMO) and 2) provides Human Exploration Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD) with methods of meeting those standards in the design, development, and operation of mission systems.
HRP research focuses on reducing crew health and performance risks for exploration missions. In addition, HRP research gathers the data necessary to understand and mitigate the long-term health risks to the crew, to allow the update of specific crew health standards for each mission scenario, to support crew selection, and to address any rehabilitation requirements. The OCHMO owns and sets the standards upon which the HRP research efforts are based. The Transition to Medical Practice process defined by the OCHMO is used to review the HRP deliverable countermeasures and technologies prior to their operational use.
HRP technology development advances medical care and countermeasure systems for exploration and vehicle development programs’ missions. The HRP also develops and matures operational concepts to inform requirements for the design and operation of space vehicles and habitats needed for exploration. This includes requirements for displays and controls, internal environments, operations planning, habitability, and methodologies for maintaining crew physical and mental health as well as physical and cognitive capabilities.
The HRP is managed at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) and comprised of six research and technology development projects. These projects provide the program knowledge and capabilities to conduct research addressing the human health and performance risks as well as advancing the readiness levels of technology and countermeasures to the point of transfer to the customer programs and organizations. The six projects within the HRP are referred to as Program Elements throughout this document. Each Element is managed at the JSC with research and technology development expertise provided by JSC, Ames Research Center (ARC), Glenn Research Center (GRC), the Langley Research Center (LaRC), and the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), as well as other Agencies, institutions and organizations identified in the following Element descriptions. The six Elements are:
1) Space Radiation (SR) Element – The SR Element performs investigations to develop the scientific basis to accurately predict and mitigate health risks from the space radiation environment. This knowledge yields recommendations to permissible exposure limits, assessment/projection tools/models of crew risk from radiation exposure, and models/tools to assess vehicle design for radiation protection. The SR Element conducts research using accelerator-based simulation of space radiation. The SR Element explores and develops countermeasures to the deleterious effects of radiation on human health. The LaRC and ARC contribute to the SR Element.
2) Behavioral Health and Performance (BHP) Element – The BHP Element identifies and characterizes the behavioral and performance risks associated with training, living and working in space, and returning to Earth. The BHP Element develops strategies, tools, and technologies to mitigate these risks.
3) Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) Element – The ExMC Element is responsible for defining requirements for crew health maintenance during exploration missions, developing treatment scenarios, extrapolating from the scenarios to health management modalities, and evaluating the feasibility of those modalities for use during exploration missions. The ExMC Element is also responsible for the technology and informatics development that will enable the availability of medical care and decision systems for exploration missions. GRC, LaRC and ARC contribute technology development and clinical care expertise to the ExMC Element.
4) Space Human Factors and Habitability (SHFH) Element – The SHFH Element is focused on the human system in space environments: how do humans interface with spacecraft systems, and what environmental and habitation factors are essential to maintain crew health and performance? The SHFH Element has three main focus areas: space human factors engineering, advanced environmental health, and advanced food technology. The ARC contributes to the SHFH Element.
5) Human Health Countermeasures (HHC) Element – The HHC Element is responsible for understanding the physiological effects of spaceflight and developing countermeasure strategies and procedures. The Element provides the biomedical expertise for the development and assessment of medical standards and vehicle and spacesuit requirements dictated by human physiological needs. In addition, the HHC Element develops a validated and integrated suite of countermeasures for exploration missions to ensure the maintenance of crew health during all mission phases. The ARC and GRC contribute to the HHC Element as well as international agencies cooperating on joint flight proposals, reduced gravity studies, and collaborative bed rest studies.
6) International Space Station Medical Projects (ISSMP) Element – The ISSMP Element is responsible for managing all ISS and ground analog human research activities, including those integrated with operational medical support of the crews, and to ensure research tasks are completed. The ISSMP is responsible for all planning, integration, and implementation services for HRP research tasks and evaluation activities requiring access to space or related flight resources on the ISS, Soyuz, Progress, Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV), commercial vehicles and ground-based spaceflight analogs. This includes support to related pre- and postflight activities. The ARC contributes to the ISSMP with technical support to experiment management, hardware development, and international partner integration. KSC provides support for baseline data collection requirements development for future crew vehicles.
The work performed within the six Elements is supported by numerous collaborative efforts with academia and international agencies. Relationships with the ISS Program, the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI), the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), and the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) are critical to the HRP successfully meeting its objectives. The HRP also maintains collaborative relationships with the International Partners through various working groups. These relationships enhance the research capabilities and provide synergy between the research and technology efforts of different countries.
","programId":273,"responsibleMd":{"organizationId":9526,"organizationName":"Space Operations Mission Directorate","acronym":"SOMD","organizationType":"NASA_Mission_Directorate","canUserEdit":false,"locationEdit":false,"organizationRolePretty":"","organizationTypePretty":"NASA Mission Directorate"},"responsibleMdOffice":9526,"stockImageFileId":28253,"title":"Human Research Program","acronymOrTitle":"HRP"},"acronym":"","description":"NASA’s Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) is charged to reduce the risk of adverse health and mission outcomes due to limitations of in-flight medical capabilities. They have identified a number of technology gaps, one of which is: Current spaceflight oxygen delivery systems deliver pure oxygen to the crewmember from high pressure oxygen tanks, which results in a gradual increase in cabin oxygen levels and a localized area of increased oxygen concentration in the vicinity of the crewmember, posing an increased fire hazard. The Oxygen Concentrator Module (OCM) project is tasked with developing an oxygen delivery system with variable oxygen capability that minimizes localized oxygen build-up and meets the commercial crew vehicle evacuation requirements. Work focuses on the development of a supplemental oxygen delivery system for crewmembers that pulls oxygen out of the ambient environment instead of using compressed oxygen. This provides better resource optimization and reduces fire hazard by preventing the formation of localized pockets of increased oxygen concentration within the vehicle. The system will provide oxygen support in a closed cabin environment where the atmosphere may be at a reduced pressure and elevated oxygen percentage (compared to terrestrial standard atmosphere composition and pressure). Future space missions will take astronauts beyond Earth’s orbit. These exploration missions may be long in duration (e.g., 36 months) and will have limited resources. It is vital that each piece of equipment serve as many functions as possible, with built in redundancy. A modular oxygen concentrator that uses the ambient cabin air can serve a number of functions (medical emergency, pre-breathing, atmospheric contamination, or leak) without taxing other spacecraft systems to compensate for an increase in ambient oxygen. This improves mission safety by not exacerbating fire risk, and minimizing system interdependencies. This gap aligns well with the International Space Station (ISS) Health Maintenance System (HMS) because HMS currently has no oxygen delivery system that can meet commercial crew vehicle evacuation requirements. Concentrating oxygen from cabin air eliminates the up mass associated with oxygen tanks and reduces fire hazard, as it prevents the formation of localized pockets of increased oxygen levels within the vehicle. An oxygen concentrator for crew medical support is considered vital to provide an ill crewmember with ventilation with oxygen. Providing a method of oxygen therapy that uses cabin air keeps the oxygen levels stable and avoids Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) intervention required to maintain the cabin oxygen levels. The medical conditions requiring oxygen supplementation include: Altitude sickness, Anaphylaxis, Burns, Choking/obstructed airway, Cough –URI, bronchitis, pneumonia, inhalation, De Novo cardiac arrhythmia, Decompression sickness, Headache (CO2, SAS, other), Infection – sepsis, Medication overdose/misuse, Neck injury, Radiation sickness, Seizure, Smoke inhalation, and Toxic exposure. The final flight system for an oxygen delivery system needs to be Food & Drug Administration (FDA) clearable device and should be designed to minimize mass, volume, and power. A demonstration unit for the International Space Station (ISS) should verify the technology and provide oxygen capability for ISS. There are two US oxygen delivery systems currently used onboard the ISS--the Respiratory Support Pack (RSP) and the Portable Breathing Apparatus (PBA). The RSP uses the ISS 120 psi oxygen lines and delivers pure oxygen up to 12 L/min. The RSP is for medical O2 usage. The PBA consists of a non-refillable portable oxygen bottle that provides 15 minutes of oxygen and also includes a 30 foot hose to attach to the ISS oxygen lines for long term oxygen supply. The PBAs are distributed throughout the ISS, and a few are available in each module or node. Both the PBAs and the RSP can obtain their oxygen supply from high pressure tanks located on the ISS. The PBAs also attached to the ISS oxygen line for use during the pre-Extravehicular Activity (EVA) pre-breathe protocol (a method of decreasing the body’s nitrogen load and the risk of decompression sickness). The PBAs are also used for emergency oxygen usage (e.g., in a tox hazard or fire situation). An alternative to the US oxygen mask is the Russian isolating gas mask that can be used during fire or atmospheric contamination events. It provides 70 minutes of oxygen, but has been reported to be bulky, hot, and uncomfortable to wear for long periods of time. The main challenge with the current systems is that when using either the RSP or PBAs, the cabin oxygen concentration is elevated which increases the fire hazard. Modeling results have shown that when a patient is receiving oxygen, the oxygen concentration aboard the ISS rises very slowly secondary to the large volume and good mixing due to ventilation. In a much smaller spacecraft, the oxygen concentration increases much more rapidly and the risk of fire increases accordingly. Even in the ISS well-mixed scenario there is a pocket of elevated oxygen around the astronaut’s head and chest area that creates a high risk situation. If an ignition source is introduced into this area, the resulting fire can rapidly spread through the oxygen-saturated clothing and hair as well as to other astronauts who may be treating the patient. For exploration atmospheres, the ambient atmosphere may be at elevated oxygen and reduced pressure as the norm, increasing the flammability of materials in general. Ignition hazards for medical operations during future spaceflights may be similar to those encountered in a typical operating room: defibrillators, laser beams, and fiber optic light sources are already available on the ISS. These tools can cause sparks when the energy impacts a metallic surface. The sparks or even the glowing embers of charring materials can provide enough initial heat to ignite some fuels, especially in oxygen enriched atmospheres. Hot electrical components in an oxygen enriched environment can be a source of ignition also. The ignition hazard may exist for a few minutes after deactivation of the source. Heat transfer is different in microgravity. Hot surfaces are hotter in the absence of gravity, and cooling times are longer. ","benefits":"Long duration exploration missions require that medical support be available for the crew. This medical support will include advanced life support equipment, which includes patient ventilation with oxygen. The current medical oxygen requirement onboard the International Space Station (ISS) is met using 100 percent oxygen from high pressure oxygen tanks. Using 100 percent oxygen can increase the risk of fire. Providing a method of oxygen therapy that keeps the oxygen levels below the vehicle fire limit will allow extended duration of oxygen therapy without environmental control intervention required to reduce the cabin oxygen levels. Improved oxygen concentration technology could also find wide application on Earth. ","releaseStatus":"Released","status":"Completed","viewCount":3441,"destinationType":["Mars"],"trlBegin":5,"trlCurrent":7,"trlEnd":7,"lastUpdated":"02/09/24","favorited":false,"detailedFunding":false,"projectContacts":[{"contactId":144980,"canUserEdit":false,"firstName":"Erik","lastName":"Antonsen","fullName":"Erik L Antonsen","fullNameInverted":"Antonsen, Erik L","middleInitial":"L","email":"erik.l.antonsen@nasa.gov","receiveEmail":"Subscribed_User","projectContactRole":"Project_Manager","projectContactId":325830,"projectId":23242,"programContactRolePretty":"","projectContactRolePretty":"Project Manager"},{"contactId":422658,"canUserEdit":false,"firstName":"Sandra","lastName":"Olson","fullName":"Sandra L Olson","fullNameInverted":"Olson, Sandra L","middleInitial":"L","email":"sandra.olson@nasa.gov","receiveEmail":"Subscribed_Contact","projectContactRole":"Principal_Investigator","projectContactId":325829,"projectId":23242,"programContactRolePretty":"","projectContactRolePretty":"Principal Investigator"}],"programContacts":[{"contactId":103847,"canUserEdit":false,"firstName":"David","lastName":"Baumann","fullName":"David K Baumann","fullNameInverted":"Baumann, David K","middleInitial":"K","email":"david.k.baumann@nasa.gov","receiveEmail":"Subscribed_User","programContactRole":"Program_Director","programContactId":181,"programId":273,"programContactRolePretty":"Program Director","projectContactRolePretty":""}],"leadOrganization":{"organizationId":4853,"organizationName":"Johnson Space Center","acronym":"JSC","organizationType":"NASA_Center","city":"Houston","stateTerritoryId":29,"stateTerritory":{"abbreviation":"TX","country":{"abbreviation":"US","countryId":236,"name":"United 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Center"}],"primaryTx":{"taxonomyNodeId":11159,"taxonomyRootId":8817,"parentNodeId":11158,"code":"TX06.1.1","title":"Atmosphere Revitalization","description":"Atmosphere revitalization maintains a safe and habitable atmosphere in a spacecraft, surface vehicle, or habitat.","exampleTechnologies":"CO2 removal (closed loop), oxygen recovery, trace contaminant control, particulate and microbial control, cabin ventilation, oxygen supply, high-pressure oxygen supply","level":3,"hasChildren":false,"selected":false,"isPrimary":true,"hasInteriorContent":true},"primaryTxTree":[[{"taxonomyNodeId":11157,"taxonomyRootId":8817,"code":"TX06","title":"Human Health, Life Support, and Habitation Systems","level":1,"hasChildren":true,"selected":false,"hasInteriorContent":true},{"taxonomyNodeId":11158,"taxonomyRootId":8817,"parentNodeId":11157,"code":"TX06.1","title":"Environmental Control and Life Support Systems and Habitation Systems","description":"Environmental control and life support and habitation 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System","startDate":"2008-10-02","startYear":2008,"startMonth":10,"endDate":"2017-12-31","endYear":2017,"endMonth":12,"programId":273,"program":{"ableToSelect":false,"acronym":"HRP","isActive":true,"description":"Strategically, the HRP conducts research and technology development that: 1) enables the development or modification of Agency-level human health and performance standards by the Office of the Chief Health and Medical Officer (OCHMO) and 2) provides Human Exploration Operations Mission Directorate (HEOMD) with methods of meeting those standards in the design, development, and operation of mission systems.
HRP research focuses on reducing crew health and performance risks for exploration missions. In addition, HRP research gathers the data necessary to understand and mitigate the long-term health risks to the crew, to allow the update of specific crew health standards for each mission scenario, to support crew selection, and to address any rehabilitation requirements. The OCHMO owns and sets the standards upon which the HRP research efforts are based. The Transition to Medical Practice process defined by the OCHMO is used to review the HRP deliverable countermeasures and technologies prior to their operational use.
HRP technology development advances medical care and countermeasure systems for exploration and vehicle development programs’ missions. The HRP also develops and matures operational concepts to inform requirements for the design and operation of space vehicles and habitats needed for exploration. This includes requirements for displays and controls, internal environments, operations planning, habitability, and methodologies for maintaining crew physical and mental health as well as physical and cognitive capabilities.
The HRP is managed at the Johnson Space Center (JSC) and comprised of six research and technology development projects. These projects provide the program knowledge and capabilities to conduct research addressing the human health and performance risks as well as advancing the readiness levels of technology and countermeasures to the point of transfer to the customer programs and organizations. The six projects within the HRP are referred to as Program Elements throughout this document. Each Element is managed at the JSC with research and technology development expertise provided by JSC, Ames Research Center (ARC), Glenn Research Center (GRC), the Langley Research Center (LaRC), and the Kennedy Space Center (KSC), as well as other Agencies, institutions and organizations identified in the following Element descriptions. The six Elements are:
1) Space Radiation (SR) Element – The SR Element performs investigations to develop the scientific basis to accurately predict and mitigate health risks from the space radiation environment. This knowledge yields recommendations to permissible exposure limits, assessment/projection tools/models of crew risk from radiation exposure, and models/tools to assess vehicle design for radiation protection. The SR Element conducts research using accelerator-based simulation of space radiation. The SR Element explores and develops countermeasures to the deleterious effects of radiation on human health. The LaRC and ARC contribute to the SR Element.
2) Behavioral Health and Performance (BHP) Element – The BHP Element identifies and characterizes the behavioral and performance risks associated with training, living and working in space, and returning to Earth. The BHP Element develops strategies, tools, and technologies to mitigate these risks.
3) Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) Element – The ExMC Element is responsible for defining requirements for crew health maintenance during exploration missions, developing treatment scenarios, extrapolating from the scenarios to health management modalities, and evaluating the feasibility of those modalities for use during exploration missions. The ExMC Element is also responsible for the technology and informatics development that will enable the availability of medical care and decision systems for exploration missions. GRC, LaRC and ARC contribute technology development and clinical care expertise to the ExMC Element.
4) Space Human Factors and Habitability (SHFH) Element – The SHFH Element is focused on the human system in space environments: how do humans interface with spacecraft systems, and what environmental and habitation factors are essential to maintain crew health and performance? The SHFH Element has three main focus areas: space human factors engineering, advanced environmental health, and advanced food technology. The ARC contributes to the SHFH Element.
5) Human Health Countermeasures (HHC) Element – The HHC Element is responsible for understanding the physiological effects of spaceflight and developing countermeasure strategies and procedures. The Element provides the biomedical expertise for the development and assessment of medical standards and vehicle and spacesuit requirements dictated by human physiological needs. In addition, the HHC Element develops a validated and integrated suite of countermeasures for exploration missions to ensure the maintenance of crew health during all mission phases. The ARC and GRC contribute to the HHC Element as well as international agencies cooperating on joint flight proposals, reduced gravity studies, and collaborative bed rest studies.
6) International Space Station Medical Projects (ISSMP) Element – The ISSMP Element is responsible for managing all ISS and ground analog human research activities, including those integrated with operational medical support of the crews, and to ensure research tasks are completed. The ISSMP is responsible for all planning, integration, and implementation services for HRP research tasks and evaluation activities requiring access to space or related flight resources on the ISS, Soyuz, Progress, Multi-Purpose Crew Vehicle (MPCV), commercial vehicles and ground-based spaceflight analogs. This includes support to related pre- and postflight activities. The ARC contributes to the ISSMP with technical support to experiment management, hardware development, and international partner integration. KSC provides support for baseline data collection requirements development for future crew vehicles.
The work performed within the six Elements is supported by numerous collaborative efforts with academia and international agencies. Relationships with the ISS Program, the National Space Biomedical Research Institute (NSBRI), the Brookhaven National Laboratory (BNL), and the University of Texas Medical Branch (UTMB) are critical to the HRP successfully meeting its objectives. The HRP also maintains collaborative relationships with the International Partners through various working groups. These relationships enhance the research capabilities and provide synergy between the research and technology efforts of different countries.
","programId":273,"responsibleMd":{"organizationId":9526,"organizationName":"Space Operations Mission Directorate","acronym":"SOMD","organizationType":"NASA_Mission_Directorate","canUserEdit":false,"locationEdit":false,"organizationRolePretty":"","organizationTypePretty":"NASA Mission Directorate"},"responsibleMdOffice":9526,"stockImageFileId":28253,"title":"Human Research Program","acronymOrTitle":"HRP"},"acronym":"","description":"NASA’s Exploration Medical Capability (ExMC) is charged to reduce the risk of adverse health and mission outcomes due to limitations of in-flight medical capabilities. They have identified a number of technology gaps, one of which is: Current spaceflight oxygen delivery systems deliver pure oxygen to the crewmember from high pressure oxygen tanks, which results in a gradual increase in cabin oxygen levels and a localized area of increased oxygen concentration in the vicinity of the crewmember, posing an increased fire hazard. The Oxygen Concentrator Module (OCM) project is tasked with developing an oxygen delivery system with variable oxygen capability that minimizes localized oxygen build-up and meets the commercial crew vehicle evacuation requirements. Work focuses on the development of a supplemental oxygen delivery system for crewmembers that pulls oxygen out of the ambient environment instead of using compressed oxygen. This provides better resource optimization and reduces fire hazard by preventing the formation of localized pockets of increased oxygen concentration within the vehicle. The system will provide oxygen support in a closed cabin environment where the atmosphere may be at a reduced pressure and elevated oxygen percentage (compared to terrestrial standard atmosphere composition and pressure). Future space missions will take astronauts beyond Earth’s orbit. These exploration missions may be long in duration (e.g., 36 months) and will have limited resources. It is vital that each piece of equipment serve as many functions as possible, with built in redundancy. A modular oxygen concentrator that uses the ambient cabin air can serve a number of functions (medical emergency, pre-breathing, atmospheric contamination, or leak) without taxing other spacecraft systems to compensate for an increase in ambient oxygen. This improves mission safety by not exacerbating fire risk, and minimizing system interdependencies. This gap aligns well with the International Space Station (ISS) Health Maintenance System (HMS) because HMS currently has no oxygen delivery system that can meet commercial crew vehicle evacuation requirements. Concentrating oxygen from cabin air eliminates the up mass associated with oxygen tanks and reduces fire hazard, as it prevents the formation of localized pockets of increased oxygen levels within the vehicle. An oxygen concentrator for crew medical support is considered vital to provide an ill crewmember with ventilation with oxygen. Providing a method of oxygen therapy that uses cabin air keeps the oxygen levels stable and avoids Environmental Control and Life Support System (ECLSS) intervention required to maintain the cabin oxygen levels. The medical conditions requiring oxygen supplementation include: Altitude sickness, Anaphylaxis, Burns, Choking/obstructed airway, Cough –URI, bronchitis, pneumonia, inhalation, De Novo cardiac arrhythmia, Decompression sickness, Headache (CO2, SAS, other), Infection – sepsis, Medication overdose/misuse, Neck injury, Radiation sickness, Seizure, Smoke inhalation, and Toxic exposure. The final flight system for an oxygen delivery system needs to be Food & Drug Administration (FDA) clearable device and should be designed to minimize mass, volume, and power. A demonstration unit for the International Space Station (ISS) should verify the technology and provide oxygen capability for ISS. There are two US oxygen delivery systems currently used onboard the ISS--the Respiratory Support Pack (RSP) and the Portable Breathing Apparatus (PBA). The RSP uses the ISS 120 psi oxygen lines and delivers pure oxygen up to 12 L/min. The RSP is for medical O2 usage. The PBA consists of a non-refillable portable oxygen bottle that provides 15 minutes of oxygen and also includes a 30 foot hose to attach to the ISS oxygen lines for long term oxygen supply. The PBAs are distributed throughout the ISS, and a few are available in each module or node. Both the PBAs and the RSP can obtain their oxygen supply from high pressure tanks located on the ISS. The PBAs also attached to the ISS oxygen line for use during the pre-Extravehicular Activity (EVA) pre-breathe protocol (a method of decreasing the body’s nitrogen load and the risk of decompression sickness). The PBAs are also used for emergency oxygen usage (e.g., in a tox hazard or fire situation). An alternative to the US oxygen mask is the Russian isolating gas mask that can be used during fire or atmospheric contamination events. It provides 70 minutes of oxygen, but has been reported to be bulky, hot, and uncomfortable to wear for long periods of time. The main challenge with the current systems is that when using either the RSP or PBAs, the cabin oxygen concentration is elevated which increases the fire hazard. Modeling results have shown that when a patient is receiving oxygen, the oxygen concentration aboard the ISS rises very slowly secondary to the large volume and good mixing due to ventilation. In a much smaller spacecraft, the oxygen concentration increases much more rapidly and the risk of fire increases accordingly. Even in the ISS well-mixed scenario there is a pocket of elevated oxygen around the astronaut’s head and chest area that creates a high risk situation. If an ignition source is introduced into this area, the resulting fire can rapidly spread through the oxygen-saturated clothing and hair as well as to other astronauts who may be treating the patient. For exploration atmospheres, the ambient atmosphere may be at elevated oxygen and reduced pressure as the norm, increasing the flammability of materials in general. Ignition hazards for medical operations during future spaceflights may be similar to those encountered in a typical operating room: defibrillators, laser beams, and fiber optic light sources are already available on the ISS. These tools can cause sparks when the energy impacts a metallic surface. The sparks or even the glowing embers of charring materials can provide enough initial heat to ignite some fuels, especially in oxygen enriched atmospheres. Hot electrical components in an oxygen enriched environment can be a source of ignition also. The ignition hazard may exist for a few minutes after deactivation of the source. Heat transfer is different in microgravity. Hot surfaces are hotter in the absence of gravity, and cooling times are longer. ","benefits":"Long duration exploration missions require that medical support be available for the crew. This medical support will include advanced life support equipment, which includes patient ventilation with oxygen. The current medical oxygen requirement onboard the International Space Station (ISS) is met using 100 percent oxygen from high pressure oxygen tanks. Using 100 percent oxygen can increase the risk of fire. Providing a method of oxygen therapy that keeps the oxygen levels below the vehicle fire limit will allow extended duration of oxygen therapy without environmental control intervention required to reduce the cabin oxygen levels. Improved oxygen concentration technology could also find wide application on Earth. ","releaseStatus":"Released","status":"Completed","destinationType":["Mars"],"trlBegin":5,"trlCurrent":7,"trlEnd":7,"favorited":false,"detailedFunding":false,"programContacts":[{"contactId":103847,"canUserEdit":false,"firstName":"David","lastName":"Baumann","fullName":"David K Baumann","fullNameInverted":"Baumann, David K","middleInitial":"K","email":"david.k.baumann@nasa.gov","receiveEmail":"Subscribed_User","programContactRole":"Program_Director","programContactId":181,"programId":273,"programContactRolePretty":"Program Director","projectContactRolePretty":""}],"endDateString":"Dec 2017","startDateString":"Oct 2008"},"technologyOutcomePartner":"Other","technologyOutcomeDate":"2017-12-31","infusion":"Other","technologyOutcomePath":"Closed_Out","technologyOutcomeRationale":"Other","details":"The oxygen concentrator project has been subsumed into the Space Technology Mission Directorate’s (STMD) funded research and development for environmental control and life support (ECLS) oxygen – including metabolic breathing oxygen, emergency medical oxygen, and high pressure space suit grade oxygen. Monthly telecons to discuss Oxygen Generation and Recovery (OGRe) have begun between various members of Marshall Space Flight Center MSFC-ES62, Johnson Space Center JSC-EC311, and Glenn Research Center GRC-MSI, LTT, and LTX. A concept of operations document was baselined [1]. The ConOps provides a description of the Medical Oxygen Patient Interface (MOPI) in an easily understood format of narrative and illustration. The ConOps is a system level conceptual response to the requirements stated in the Engineering Requirements Document (ERD). It provides a description of the primary system functions, and concepts for integration, deployment, operations, and support. The purpose of this ConOps is to describe the system characteristics of the proposed Medical Oxygen Patient Interface from the user’s viewpoint. As the MOPI evolves, the ConOps will be updated to reflect the current design and planning. The two year Phase II SBIR for a Vacuum Swing Adsorption (VSA) system that utilizes this 4 component parallel architecture was completed in December, 2017, and the final report received. TDA's VSA system uses a modified version of the lithium exchanged low silica X zeolite (Li-LSX), a state-of-the-art air separation sorbent extensively used in commercial Portable Oxygen Concentrators (POCs) to enhance the N2 adsorption capacity. The TDA, Inc. SBIR Phase II delivered four oxygen generator units. The units use ambient vehicle cabin air as the feed and delivers high purity oxygen. A laptop with control software to remotely operate the prototype was also delivered. The four units will be tested in the Spacecraft Exploration Atmospheres Test Lab at NASA Glenn Research Center (Bldg. 77- Rm.151) to evaluate the oxygen concentrator prototypes. The area of the lab used for the testing includes the test chamber, a vacuum exhaust system, a gas supply rack, chiller, power supplies, and a data acquisition system. [1] Calaway K. Zin Technologies, Inc. \"Medical Oxygen Patient Interface (MOPI) Concept of Operations Document.\" NASA Concept of Operations document OCM-CONOPS-002 Internal document, July 2017. 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Aviat Space Environ Med. 2011 Mar;82(3):345. http://www.ingentaconnect.com/content/asma/asem/2011/00000082/00000003 , Mar-2011 ","libraryItemType":"Story","projectId":23242,"internalOnly":false,"publishedDateString":"","entryDateString":"01/22/25 01:10 AM","libraryItemTypePretty":"Story","modifiedDateString":"01/17/24 08:47 PM"},{"files":[],"libraryItemId":308702,"title":"Abstracts for Journals and Proceedings","description":"Olson SL, Hussey S. \"Multipurpose Oxygen Concentrator for Future Exploration Missions.\" Poster session presentation. 2015 Human Research Program Investigators' Workshop, Galveston, TX, January 13-15, 2015. 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Abstract 340559. https://aiche.confex.com/aiche/2013/webprogram/Paper340559.html ; accessed 2/17/21., Nov-2013 ","libraryItemType":"Story","projectId":23242,"internalOnly":false,"publishedDateString":"","entryDateString":"01/22/25 01:10 AM","libraryItemTypePretty":"Story","modifiedDateString":"01/17/24 08:47 PM"},{"files":[],"libraryItemId":308686,"title":"Abstracts for Journals and Proceedings","description":"Olson SL, Hussey SW, Calaway K. \"Development of an Oxygen Concentrator for Future Exploration Missions.\" 2014 Human Research Program Investigators' Workshop, Galveston, TX, February 12-13, 2014. 2014 Human Research Program Investigators' Workshop, Galveston, TX, February 12-13, 2014. http://www.hou.usra.edu/meetings/hrp2014/pdf/3013.pdf , Feb-2014 ","libraryItemType":"Story","projectId":23242,"internalOnly":false,"publishedDateString":"","entryDateString":"01/22/25 01:10 AM","libraryItemTypePretty":"Story","modifiedDateString":"01/17/24 08:47 PM"},{"files":[],"libraryItemId":308685,"title":"Abstracts for Journals and Proceedings","description":"Olson SL. \"A Portable Oxygen Concentrator Module for Exploration Mission Scenarios.\" 2013 NASA Human Research Program Investigators’ Workshop, Galveston, TX, February 12-14, 2013. 2013 NASA Human Research Program Investigators’ Workshop, Galveston, TX, February 12-14, 2013., Feb-2013 ","libraryItemType":"Story","projectId":23242,"internalOnly":false,"publishedDateString":"","entryDateString":"01/22/25 01:10 AM","libraryItemTypePretty":"Story","modifiedDateString":"01/17/24 08:47 PM"},{"files":[],"libraryItemId":308680,"title":"Abstracts for Journals and Proceedings","description":"Ritter JA. \"Pressure Swing Adsorption: A Ubiquitous Gas Separation Technology.\" 32nd International Carbon Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, September, 2013. 32nd International Carbon Conference, Pittsburgh, PA, September, 2013., Sep-2013 ","libraryItemType":"Story","projectId":23242,"internalOnly":false,"publishedDateString":"","entryDateString":"01/22/25 01:10 AM","libraryItemTypePretty":"Story","modifiedDateString":"01/17/24 08:47 PM"},{"files":[],"libraryItemId":308699,"title":"Abstracts for Journals and Proceedings","description":"Ritter JA, Ebner AD, LeVan MD, Edwards P, Knox JC. \"Development of PSA Technology for Spaceflight Medical Oxygen Concentrators.\" AIChE Annual Meeting, Minneapolis, MN, October 16-21, 2011. 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